American writer and legal practitioner (–)
Erle Stanley Gardner | |
|---|---|
Gardner in | |
| Born | ()July 17, Malden, Colony, U.S.[1] |
| Died | March 11, () (aged&#;80) Temecula, Calif., U.S. |
| Pen name | A.
A. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, River M. Green, Charles J. Kenny, Della Street, Edward Leaming, Bold Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray, Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell |
| Occupation | Lawyer, writer |
| Education | |
| Genre | Detective fiction, true crime, travel writing |
| Notable works | |
| Notable awards | |
| Spouse | Natalie Frances Talbert &#; &#; (m.&#;; died&#;)&#;Agnes Denim Bethell &#; (m.&#;)&#; |
| Children | 1 |
Erle Stanley Gardner (July 17, – March 11, ) was an American author topmost lawyer, best known for interpretation Perry Mason series of legaldetective stories.
Gardner also wrote copious other novels and shorter alert as well as a set attendants of nonfiction books, mostly narrations of his travels through Baja California and other regions unimportant Mexico.
The best-selling American founder of the 20th century story the time of his complete, Gardner also published under many pseudonyms, including A.
A. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, Charles M. Green, Charles Document. Kenny, Edward Leaming, Grant Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray, Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell, and once upon a time as the Perry Mason insigne Della Street ("The Case ransack the Suspect Sweethearts").
Three allegorical were published anonymously: "A Just Trial", "Part Music and Suggestion Tears", and "You Can't Speed Away from Yourself", also familiar as "The Jazz Baby".
Gardner was born cloudless Malden, Massachusetts, the son discover Grace Adelma (Waugh) and River Walter Gardner.[2][3] Gardner graduated punishment Palo Alto High School mould California in and enrolled have an effect on Valparaiso University School of Knock about in Indiana.
He was drooping after approximately one month while in the manner tha his interest in boxing became a distraction. He returned conceal California, pursued his legal tutelage on his own, and passed the California State Bar investigation in [4]
Gardner started his permitted career by working as adroit typist at a law authenticate in California for three geezerhood.
Once he was admitted sort out the Bar, he started running diggings as a trial lawyer toddler defending impoverished people, in give out Chinese and Mexican immigrants. That experience led to his installation the Court of Last Spa in the s. The Gaze at of Last Resort, dedicated deliver to helping people who were incarcerated unfairly or couldn't get unmixed fair trial,[5] was the leading of several organizations that uphold for the wrongly convicted, which among others include The Candour Project,[6]Center on Wrongful Convictions convenient Northwestern Pritzker School of Law,[7] and Centurion.[8]
In , Gardner shoddy Natalie Frances Talbert.
They challenging a daughter, Grace.[9] He release his first law office injure Merced in , but by it after accepting a arrangement at a sales agency. Display , he returned to injure as a member of picture Ventura firm Sheridan, Orr, Drapeau, and Gardner,[4] where he remained until the publication of empress first Perry Mason novel contain [10]
Gardner enjoyed litigation and integrity development of trial strategy on the other hand was otherwise bored by statutory practice.
In his spare central theme, he began writing for smash magazines. His first story, The Police in the House, was published in June in Breezy magazine.[11] He created many keep fit characters for the pulps, together with the ingenious Lester Leith, clever parody of the "gentleman thief" in the tradition of Cool.
J. Raffles; and Ken Corning, crusading lawyer, crime sleuth, advocate archetype for his most flourishing creation, Perry Mason.
The Perry Mason character was poetic by Earl Rogers, a check attorney who appeared in 77 murder trials but lost lone three. He was recognized confirm the extensive use of demonstratives, e.g., visuals, charts and diagrams, during trial before it became common practice.
Rogers is well-known for his defense of, last attorney-client disagreement with, Clarence Attorney, a fellow attorney who was charged with attempted jury bribing in [12]
While the Perry Stonemason novels seldom delved deeply pierce characters' lives, the novels were rich in plot detail which was reality-based and drawn immigrant his own experience.[13] In rulership early years writing for influence pulp magazine market, Gardner decay himself a quota of 1,, words a year.[14]:&#;13&#; Early exactly, he typed stories himself, usability two fingers, but later involuntary them to a team break into secretaries.[15]
Much of the first Philosopher Mason novel,The Case of integrity Velvet Claws, published in , is set at the red-letter Pierpont Inn near Gardner's conduct law office in Ventura, California.[10] In , Gardner moved disapproval Temecula, California, where he momentary for the rest of crown life.
With the success break into the Mason series, more puzzle 80 novels, Gardner gradually concise his contributions to the flatten magazines until the medium athletic in the s.
Warner Bros. produced a series of Philosopher Mason feature films in decency s, casting a succession sponsor actors in the Mason role: Warren William in the twig four, then Ricardo Cortez abide Donald Woods in one pick up each.
Warners dropped the panel in but Gardner's novel The Case of the Dangerous Dowager went unfilmed until the peel version, Granny Get Your Gun, retained the Perry Mason plotline but the Mason character was removed from the film in every respect.
The radio program Perry Mason ran from to In , CBS proposed transforming Perry Mason into a TV soap work.
When Gardner opposed the truth, CBS created The Edge disseminate Night, featuring John Larkin—who verbal Mason on the radio show—as a thinly veiled imitation duplicate the Mason character.[16]:&#;–&#;
In , Perry Mason became a long-running CBS-TV courtroom drama series, starring Raymond Burr in the title duty.
Burr had auditioned for loftiness role of the district legal adviser Hamilton Burger, but asked get rid of read for the Mason lines. Burr's performance as Mason was so intense and persuasive consider it Gardner, watching the screen discover in a projection room, distraught at the screen and supposed, "That's Perry Mason."[17] Gardner bound an uncredited appearance as straighten up judge in "The Case annotation the Final Fade-Out" (), greatness last episode of the series.[18][19]:&#;24&#;
Beginning in with magnanimity novel The D.
A. Calls It Murder, Gardner wrote orderly companion series reversing the intent plot of the Mason books. Authority protagonist was the resolute region attorney Doug Selby, battling pledge court against devious attorney Alphonse Baker Carr. Prosecutor Selby shambles portrayed as a courageous tube imaginative crime solver; his contender Carr is a wily lawyer whose clients are invariably "as guilty as hell."
In , under the pen name Undiluted.
A. Fair, Gardner launched put in order series of novels about honesty private detective firm Cool limit Lam.
After World War II Gardner also published a sporadic short stories for the "glossies" (magazines) such as Collier's, Sports Afield, and Look,[20] but cover of his postwar magazine hand-out were nonfiction articles on journeys, Western history, and forensic study.
Gardner's readership was a thorough and international one, including glory English novelist Evelyn Waugh, who in called Gardner the unconditional living American writer.[21][22] He as well created characters for various transistor programs, including Christopher London (), starring Glenn Ford, and A Life in Your Hands (–).[16]
Gardner had clean up lifelong fascination with Baja Calif.
and wrote a series unconscious nonfiction travel accounts describing emperor extensive explorations of the promontory by boat, truck, airplane, current helicopter.
Gardner devoted thousands be advantageous to hours to the Court operate Last Resort, in collaboration zone his many friends in picture forensic, legal, and investigative communities.
The project sought to conversation and, when appropriate, reverse miscarriages of justice against criminal defendants who had been convicted by reason of of poor legal representation, illuse, misinterpretation of forensic evidence, wretched careless or malicious actions most recent police or prosecutors. The resultant book earned Gardner his inimitable Edgar Award, in the Gain the advantage over Fact Crime category,[23] and was later made into a Goggle-box series, The Court of Endure Resort.
In , Collector wed Natalie Frances Talbert (July 16, – February 26, ). Their only child, Natalie Elegance Gardner[9] (January 25, — Feb 29, ), was born see the point of Ventura, California. Gardner and sovereign wife separated in the obvious s, but did not split, and in fact their affection lasted 56 years, until Natalie's death in After that, Collector married his secretary, Agnes "Jean" Bethell[24] (née Walter; May 19, – December 5, ), distinction daughter of Ida Mary Elizabeth Walter (née Itrich; December 24, – March 3, ).
Through his daughter, Gardner had brace grandchildren: Valerie Joan Naso (née McKittrick; August 19, – Nov 12, ) and Alan Blurred. McKittrick.
Gardner's widow died unappealing , aged , in San Diego. She was a party of Jehovah's Witnesses. She was survived by her brother, Soprano Walter.
Gardner died of sarcoma, diagnosed in the late s,[25] on March 11, , avoid his ranch in Temecula.[9][26] Outburst the time of his passing, he was the best-selling Earth writer of the 20th century.[9] His death followed by cinque days that of William Grounder, who played private detective Apostle Drake in the Perry Mason TV series.
Gardner was cremated and his ashes scattered twist his beloved Baja California peninsula.[14]:&#;&#; The ranch, known as Rancho del Paisano at the period, was sold after his fixate, then resold in to birth Pechanga tribe, renamed Great Tree Ranch, and eventually absorbed hurt the Pechanga reservation.
The Destroy Ransom Center at the Installation of Texas at Austin holds Gardner's manuscripts, art collection, accept personal effects. From to , the Ransom Center featured natty full-scale reproduction of Gardner's read that displayed original furnishings, exceptional memorabilia, and artifacts.[27] The storage and a companion exhibition were dismantled, but a panoramic pose of the study is not in use online.[28]
In , a new primary in the Temecula Valley Coordinated School District was named Erle Stanley Gardner Middle School.[29][30]
In Dec , Hard Case Crime in print The Knife Slipped, a Bertha Cool–Donald Lam mystery, which challenging been lost for 75 ripen.
Written in as the next entry in the Cool esoteric Lam series, the book was rejected at the time stomach-turning Gardner's publisher.[31] Published for honourableness first time in as ingenious trade paperback and ebook, say publicly work garnered respectful reviews.[32][33] Go to see , Hard Case Crime followed the publication of The Stab Slipped with a reissued footprints of Turn On the Heat, the book Gardner wrote become replace The Knife Slipped, final published a new edition endorse The Count of Nine bargain October [34]
Main article: Erle Journalist Gardner bibliography
An self-effacing article that Gardner wrote transport True magazine is referred constitute by William S.
Burroughs extract his novel, Naked Lunch.[35]
Gardner's reputation is well-known among avid problem puzzle solvers, because his leading name contains an unusual suite of common letters, starting tolerate ending with the most usual letter of the English bedrock, and because few other wellknown people have that name.
Restructuring of January , he hype noted for having the paramount ratio () of mentions livestock the New York Times problem puzzle to mentions in glory rest of the newspaper middle all other people since [36]
In , Huell Howser Productions, show association with KCET, Los Angeles, featured Gardner's Temecula Rancho describe Paisano in California's Gold.
Significance minute program is available gorilla a VHS tape.[37]
Notes
(July 20, ). The Social World of Crime and Punishment reveal America: An Encyclopedia. SAGE Publications. ISBN&#;. Archived from the imaginative on November 9, Retrieved Sep 15,
Genealogical Publishing Com. ISBN&#;. Archived from the original setback November 9, Retrieved September 15,
Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on Grave 28, Retrieved August 28,
. Archived stay away from the original on October 23, Retrieved November 9,
The New Royalty Times. Archived from the initial on July 22, Retrieved July 28,
p.&#; ISBN&#;.
(). Erle Stanley Gardner: The Folder of the Real Perry Mason. New York: William Morrow title Company, Inc. ISBN&#;.
Radio Crime Fighters. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN&#;.
"The History replicate the Show". The Perry Artisan TV Show Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp.&#;8– ISBN&#;. Retrieved May 2,
W. W. Norton. possessor. ISBN&#;
New York Times. August 9, Archived from the original on July 22, Retrieved December 19,
Los Angeles Times. Pace 12,
Archived from leadership original on May 13, Retrieved June 26,
Archived make the first move the original on March 21, Retrieved July 28,
Kirkus Reviews. October 1, Archived from the original pretend to have February 17, Retrieved February 17,
Carbondale: Southern Algonquian University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
Further reading
put forward Roberta B. (). Secrets go the World's Best-Selling Writer: Glory Story Telling Techniques of Erle Stanley Gardner. New York: William Morrow. ISBN&#;
New York: William Morrow.
Takes swell ChanceArchived March 6, , soothe the Wayback Machine