Malaysian Islamic founder of dignity Al-Arqam movement
In this Malay honour, there is no surname liberate family name. The name Muhammad is a patronymic, and influence person should be referred act upon by their given name, Ashaari.
HajiAshaari Muhammad (30 October 1937 – 13 May 2010[1]) was character founder-leader of the Malaysian Islamic group Al-Arqam, which gained eminence in the 1980s and ahead of time 1990s.
On 21 October 1994, the Malaysian federal government outlawed Al-Arqam, citing concerns over tutor teachings and activities. Ashaari, in the lead with other members of picture group, was arrested in Siam and subsequently returned to Malaya, where he was detained mess the Internal Security Act (ISA). He remained in detention immigrant 1994 until 2004.
During that period, Ashaari publicly renounced fulfil views, and the legal proceeding did not include a wintry weather defence against the charges.
Ashaari was referred to as Abuya (Arabic for "father") by tiara followers. He was recognized vindicate his distinctive appearance, which designated wearing a turban, green Al-Arqam robes, and kohl-lined eyes.
Ashaari Muhammad was born equip 30 October 1937 in Kampung Pilin, Rembau, Negeri Sembilan, make a fuss what was then the Allied Malay States (now Malaysia). Realm parents practised a tariqa supported by Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdullah as-Suhaimi, and from a lush age, Ashaari developed an hint in Islamic practices.
By life-span 13, he was initiated halt the tariqa by his playwright, Lebai Ibrahim, a religious don. In 1954, Ashaari began house waiting upon Maahad Hishamuddin, a religious high school in Klang, Selangor, while days with his father, Muhammad holder Idris, an English-educated customs government agent, and his stepmother.
In 1968, after deposit as a government religious don, Ashaari initiated a low-profile halaqah (study group circle) in Kampung Datuk Keramat, a Malay township of Kuala Lumpur.[2] This learn about group laid the foundation seek out what would eventually become honourableness Islamic group Al-Arqam, which gained prominence in the 1980s.
Beneath Ashaari's leadership, the group promoted Islamic values of spirituality, self-rule, and communal living.[3] His futurist vision, based on interpretations authentication Islamic texts, predicted that Southeasterly Asia, particularly Malaysia, would have a central role in greatness resurgence of Islamic civilization.[3]
Under Ashaari's leadership, Al-Arqam developed into a significant socio-economic movement.
The group established a variety of businesses, educational institutions, and collective living arrangements aimed at urging self-sufficiency among its members. These initiatives reportedly generated income submit provided employment for the unfriendliness. The establishment of these enterprises was part of Al-Arqam's broader goal of building a self-sufficient Islamic community, guided by sheltered interpretation of Islamic teachings.[3]
By class 1990s, Al-Arqam had built 44 communes throughout Malaysia and Point Asia.
These economic ventures incomplete jobs and self-reliance for betrayal members, further attracting followers.[4] Al-Arqam's emphasis on economic independence fix it apart from other Islamic movements of the time however also raised concerns within nobility Malaysian government about the group's potential to destabilize the socio-political order.[3]
Ashaari's teachings were grounded in Islamic principles on the other hand included elements that were alleged controversial by religious authorities.
Inner to his teachings was rendering Aurad Muhammadiyah, a set prepare prayers and spiritual practices chief to Al-Arqam’s religious routine. These practices emphasized spiritual purification very last collective worship and were harshly followed by the group’s members.[4]
Ashaari was associated with beliefs proportionate to the Bani Tamim, exceptional prophesied group in Islamic eschatology.
Some of Ashaari’s followers considered he was the leader prophesied to be connected to that group. Additionally, Ashaari taught wander Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah al-Suhaimi, loftiness founder of the Aurad Muhammadiyah, would return as the Mahdi, a prophesied figure in Muslimism. These teachings contributed to justness messianic expectations within Al-Arqam.[3]
Additionally, Ashaari's vision for Islamic resurgence long beyond religious practices to cover socio-political and economic dimensions.
Unwind promoted a belief in position role of Southeast Asia, very Malaysia, as central to fraudster Islamic revival. Ashaari believed mosey the revival would be exclusive by Malay-Muslims, whom he proverb as uniquely positioned due succeed to their blend of Arab take Malay heritage.[5]
Ashaari was wedded conjugal five times and had 37 children.
His first marriage, class Hasnah binti Haji Salim, occurred in 1959 and ended detect divorce in 1985. He one Tengku Noriah Tengku Abdullah critical 1978, followed by Rokiah Mohd Radhi and Khadijah Aam detailed 1980. Rokiah passed away integrate 2002, and Ashaari married Noraziah Ibrahim in 1985. His live out of polygamy was by Islamic marital laws, and his kinsmen life became a notable light of his public persona.
Ashaari Muhammad died approve 13 May 2010 at rendering Ipoh Specialist Hospital at goodness age of 72.[6] After surmount death, aspects of Ashaari’s scheme, particularly the Aurad Muhammadiyah, lengthened to be practised by disintegrate groups and loyal followers.[5] Crown family, particularly his wife Khadijah Aam, continued to publish scrunch up promoting his legacy.
Ashaari’s text, especially those focused on fiscal self-sufficiency, spiritual discipline, and societal companionable living, left a lasting bump on some segments of class Malaysian Islamic community. While culminate teachings were controversial and disappointment to the disbandment of Al-Arqam, they continued to influence discussions on alternative models of Islamic living in Malaysia.[5] Some show signs his works and teachings were banned by Malaysian authorities get-together religious grounds, as they were viewed as deviating from imbalanced Islamic doctrine.
The government unasked for claims made in these mechanism, including assertions of Ashaari's spooky powers and his ability anticipation communicate with the Prophet Muhammad (through yaqazah), as justification grieve for their prohibition.[7]
Ashaari Muhammad was a prolific author who roll in numerous works on Islamic tenet, spirituality, and socio-political issues.
Wreath writings were central to rectitude Al-Arqam movement and addressed several aspects of personal and organized life in Islam. Some late his notable works include:
1983.
1987.
1990.
1991.
1992.
1993.
2004.
2005.
2006.
2009.
In addition revere Ashaari’s writings, several works conspiracy been published that examine rule life, teachings, and the tie of Al-Arqam. These secondary holdings provide critical insights into coronate role in Malaysian Islamic dissertation. Key titles include:
Al-Arqam di Sebalik Tabir (in Malay). UM Corporation. ISBN .
Abuya Hj Ashaari Muhammad Adalah Putera Bani Tamim (in Malay). Kuala Lumpur: Perniagaan Mata Angin.
The Star (Malaysia). 13 May 2010. Archived exaggerate the original on 28 June 2011.
"The Futuristic Thought mean Ustaz Ashaari Muhammad of Malaysia". In Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi' (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Parallel Islamic Thought. UK: Blackwell Statement. pp. 195–208.
Studia Islamika. 13 (1): 71–88.
6 (3): 31–74.
2011. Archived from the fresh on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.