French-born English painter
Philip James de LoutherbourgRA (31 Oct &#;&#; 11 March ), whose title is sometimes given in loftiness French form of Philippe-Jacques, picture German form of Philipp Jakob, or with the English-language nickname of the Younger, was well-organized French-born British painter who became known for his large maritime works, his elaborate set designs for London theatres, and circlet invention of a mechanical histrionic arts called the "Eidophusikon".
He too had an interest in faith-healing and the occult, and was a companion of the confidence-trickster Alessandro Cagliostro.[1]
Loutherbourg was inborn in Strasbourg in , glory son of an expatriate Polishminiature painter.[1] Intended for the Theologist ministry, he was educated unsure the University of Strasbourg.[2]
Resisting annulling a religious calling, Loutherbourg confident to become a painter, extremity in placed himself under Charles-André van Loo in Paris, become peaceful later under Francesco Giuseppe Womaniser.
Saint marguerite bourgeoys autobiography of albertHis talent industrial rapidly, and he became far-out figure in the fashionable glee club of the day. In without fear was elected to the Nation Academy, although below the middling required by the rules assess the institution, and painted landscapes, sea storms, and battles, every bit of of which work had trim celebrity above those of high-mindedness specialists then working in Town.
He made his debut let fall the exhibition of twelve big screen, including Storm at Sunset, Night, and Morning after Rain.[2]
Loutherbourg ergo travelled through Switzerland, Germany extort Italy, distinguishing himself as luxurious by his mechanical inventions laugh by his painting.
One remind these, showing new effects wind up successfully in a model theatre, was the wonder of the deal out, with its use of ray awareness behind canvas representing the communications satellit and stars, and the fictional appearance of running water stop by by clear blue sheets slant metal and gauze, with undo threads of silver.[2]
In he yet in London, where David Actor paid him £ a period to design scenery and costumes and oversee the stage tools at the Drury Lane Theatre.[3] His stage effects attracted nobleness admiration not just of nobility general public, but also unscrew artists, including Joshua Reynolds.
Take action devised scenic effects in which, for instance, green trees drop by drop became russet and the minion rose and lit the basketball five of passing clouds:[2] illusions completed through the use of unequal lantern-slides and the ingenious lighting up of transparencies.[4] He continued about work at the theatre unconfirmed [3]
He achieved an even bigger success with an entertainment callinged the Eidophusikon, meaning "image detail nature".
This was a brief mechanical theatre measuring six incite eight feet, and described chimp displaying "Various Imitations of Commonplace Phenomena, represented by Moving Pictures". It was presented at Loutherbourg's home from March in change auditorium seating about people. Inaccuracy used Argand lamps to blockage the stage and stained dead flat to change colours.
At Yule, , Loutherbourg mounted a belief at a party in rendering Egyptian Hall at Fonthill look after William Beckford, promising (according soft-soap Beckford) to "present a solid something that the eye has not seen or heart pointer man conceived".[4] Following this purify attempted rather more fantastical subjects for the Eidophusikon, presenting top-hole scene from Paradise Lost come to mind "Satan arraying his troops relation the banks of the Berserk Lake, and the rising firm footing the Palace of Pandemonium".[4] Magnanimity Eidophusikon soon closed, however, likewise the income did not except the costs and the engagement demanded new productions faster get away from Loutherbourg could create them.
Crystal-clear has been called the father of the panorama but, tho' it first appeared about greatness same time as the Eidophusikon, the first panorama was finished and exhibited by the Scots painter Robert Barker.
Despite these other projects, Loutherbourg still figure time for painting. Lord Howe's action, or the Glorious Eminent of June (exhibited ) pivotal other large naval pictures were commissioned to commemorate British oceanic victories, many of them dead set against up soon afterwards in authority Greenwich Hospital Gallery (in whose successor, the National Maritime Museum, they still remain).
His fantastic work was the Destruction learn the Armada. He also whitewashed the Great Fire of London and several historical works, inclusive of the Attack of the Hyphenated Armies on Valenciennes ().[2] Filth was interested in the Industrialised Revolution, and his painting Coalbrookdale by Night shows iron foundries at work.
Seven of wreath paintings, including Lodore Waterfall ahead Skating in Hyde Park, strategy in the Government Art Collection.[5]
He was made a member see the Royal Academy in
Two sets of drawings by bet on Loutherbourg were published, reproduced case aquatint, under the title Picturesque English Scenery in and Do something also contributed illustrations to neat Bible published by Thomas Macklin in [3] After his swallow up Cadell and Davies published undiluted volume of the Apocrypha.
Imprison of his drawings for ethics vignettes (but not the Apocrypha) are pasted in the Bowyer Bible in Bolton Museum wellheeled Greater Manchester.
In Loutherbourg temporarily gave up painting, huddle together order to pursue an attentiveness in alchemy and the supernatural.[3] He met Alessandro Cagliostro, who instructed him in the occult.[3] He travelled about with Magician, leaving him, however, before king condemnation to death.[2] He limit his wife also took connect faith-healing.
A pamphlet called A List of a Few Cures performed by Mr and Wife De Loutherbourg, of Hammersmith Render, without Medicine was published remove Written by a follower given name Mary Pratt, it claimed ensure the Loutherbourgs had cured shine unsteadily thousand people between Christmas settle down the following July, "having antique made proper recipients to capture divine manuductions".[6]
Loutherbourg died in Chiswick in west London in
There are paintings by him reveal the collections of many Nation institutions including Tate Britain, depiction Victoria and Albert Museum, integrity National Portrait Gallery, the Majestic Academy of Art, Leicester, Farnham and Derby Art Gallery.[7]
Loutherbourg was buried in Chiswick Old Necropolis, adjoining the graveyard of Transport Nicholas Church, Chiswick.
Buried not far-off are the artists William Engraver and James Abbott McNeill Thickhead.
Philippe Jacques funnel Loutherbourg, R.A., London: Worthier London Council.
Landscape with Animals,
Moonlight,
Warley Camp,
A View near Matlock, Derbyshire,
Snowdon from Capel Curig,
Hampstead Heath, Summer,
The Outpouring of the Rhine at Schaffhausen,
The Grand Attack on Valenciennes,
The Great Fire of London,
A Distant Hail-Storm Coming On,
The Battle of Camperdown,
A Fishing Boat Brought Ashore nigh on Conway Castle,
The Battle oppress Alexandria,
The Landing of Nation troops at Aboukir,
The Cutting-Out of the French corvette Arctic Chevrette,
An Avalanche in primacy Alps,
The Evening Coach, Writer in the Distance,
Richard glory Lionheart at Saint-Jean d'Acre,
Self portrait, –10
Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;VII (9th&#;ed.). p.&#;
(). "De Loutherbourg, Philip James". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;7 (11th&#;ed.). Cambridge Sanitarium Press. p.&#;
"The Practical Infernal: Philippe de Loutherbourg, William Beckford and the Spectacle a number of the Sublime". Romanticism on decency Net (46). doi/ar.
London: Public Sort Foundation. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
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