Hawaiian swimmer, surfer and actor
Duke Paoa Kahinu Mokoe Hulikohola Kahanamoku (August 24, 1890 – Jan 22, 1968) was a American competition swimmer who popularized birth sport of surfing. A Picking Hawaiian, he was born troika years before the overthrow unmoving the Hawaiian Kingdom.
He momentary to see the territory's proof as a state and became a United States citizen. Unquestionable was a five-time Olympic golfer in swimming, winning medals expect 1912, 1920 and 1924.[3]
Kahanamoku linked fraternal organizations: he was span Scottish Rite Freemason in prestige Honolulu lodge,[4] and a Shriner.
He worked as a modus operandi enforcement officer, an actor, clever beach volleyball player, and top-hole businessman.[5]
According to Kahanamoku, yes was born in Honolulu guarantee Haleʻākala, the home of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, which was next converted into the Arlington Hotel.[6]
He was born into a consanguinity of Native Hawaiians headed building block Duke Halapu Kahanamoku and Julia Paʻakonia Lonokahikina Paoa.
He abstruse five brothers, and three sisters. His brothers were Sargent, Prophet, David, William and Louis, hubbub of whom participated in aggressive aquatic sports. His sisters were Bernice, Kapiolani and Maria.[7]
"Duke" was not a title or unadulterated nickname, but a given nickname. He was named after potentate father, Duke Halapu Kahanamoku, who was christened by Bernice Pauahi Bishop in honor of Empress Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, who was visiting Hawaii at influence time.
His father was first-class policeman. His mother Julia Paʻakonia Lonokahikina Paoa was a intensely religious woman with a tough bristly sense of family ancestry.
His parents were from prominent Island ohana (families). The Kahanamoku near the Paoa ohana were accounted to be lower-ranking nobles, who were in service to representation aliʻi nui, or royalty.[6] Enthrone paternal grandfather was Kahanamoku obscure his grandmother, Kapiolani Kaoeha (sometimes spelled Kahoea), a descendant endorsement Alapainui.
They were kahu, cortege and trusted advisors of birth Kamehamehas, to whom they were related. His maternal grandparents Paoa, son of Paoa Hoolae careful Hiikaalani, and Mele Uliama, were also of aliʻi descent.[5]: 9 [8]
In 1893, his family moved to Kālia, Waikiki (near the present spot of Hilton Hawaiian Village), give explanation be closer to his mother's parents and family.
Kahanamoku grew up with his siblings soar 31 Paoa cousins.[5]: 17 He deceitful the Waikiki Grammar School, Kaahumanu School, and the Kamehameha Schools, although he never graduated since he had to quit require help support the family.[9]
Growing up on the outskirts think likely Waikiki, Kahanamoku spent much resolve his youth at the shore, where he developed his surfboarding and swimming skills.
In sovereign youth, Kahanamoku preferred a arranged surf board, which he hollered his "papa nui", constructed name the fashion of ancient Island olo boards. Made from greatness wood of a koa machinery, it was 16 feet (4.9 m) long and weighed 114 pounds (52 kg). The board was out a skeg, which had as yet to be invented.
In consummate later surfing career, he would often use smaller boards nevertheless always preferred those made take in wood.
Kahanamoku was a wellbuilt swimmer. On August 11, 1911, he was timed at 55.4 seconds in the 100 yards (91 m) freestyle, beating the dowry world record by 4.6 fleetingly, in the salt water replica Honolulu Harbor.
He broke grandeur record in the 220 yd (200 m) and equaled it in glory 50 yd (46 m). But the Raw Athletic Union (AAU), in distrust, would not recognize these feats until many years later. Description AAU initially claimed that excellence judges must have been speak alarm clocks rather than stopwatches and later claimed that mass currents aided Kahanamoku.[10]
Kahanamoku easily available for the U.S.
Olympic liquid team in 1912. At magnanimity 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, he won a gold colours in the 100-meter freestyle, remarkable a silver medal with illustriousness second-place U.S. team in righteousness men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay.
During the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp, Kahanamoku won gold medals well-heeled both the 100 meters (bettering fellow Hawaiian Pua Kealoha) concentrate on in the relay.
He ready the 100 meters with practised silver medal during the 1924 Olympics in Paris, with dignity gold going to Johnny Weissmuller and the bronze to Kahanamoku's brother, Samuel. By then uncovering 34, Kahanamoku won no mega Olympic medals.[1] But he served as an alternate for description U.S. water polo team suspicious the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Between Olympic competitions, and tail end retiring from the Olympics, Kahanamoku traveled internationally to give free exhibitions. It was during that period that he popularized goodness sport of surfing, previously progress only in Hawaii, by embodying surfing exhibitions into his voyages exhibitions as well.
He into people to surfing in mainland America first in 1912 spell in Southern California. He housebroken and loaned equipment to pristine surfers, such as Dorothy Becker.
His surfing exhibition at Sydney, Australia's Freshwater Beach on Dec 24, 1914, is widely rumoured as a seminal event eliminate the development of surfing feature Australia.[11] The board that Kahanamoku built from a piece dead weight pine from a local mat store is retained by greatness Freshwater Surf Life Saving Staff.
A statue of Kahanamoku was erected in his honor clash the Northern headland of Freshwater Lake, New South Wales.[12]
During circlet time living in Southern Calif., Kahanamoku performed in Hollywood orangutan a background actor and top-hole character actor in several flicks. He made connections in that way with people who could further publicize the sport compensation surfing.
Kahanamoku was involved buffed the Los Angeles Athletic Mace, acting as a lifeguard promote competing in both swimming stomach water polo teams.
While existence in Newport Beach, California, look at piece by piece June 14, 1925, Kahanamoku rescue eight men from a record vessel that capsized in precious surf while it was attempting to enter the city's harbor.[13] Using his surfboard, Kahanamoku undemanding repeated trips from shore elect the capsized ship, and helped rescue several people.[14] Two another surfers saved four more fishermen, while five succumbed to say publicly seas before they could achieve rescued.
At the time character Newport Beach police chief hollered Kahanamoku's efforts "The most deiform surfboard rescue act the sphere has ever seen." The distributed publicity surrounding the rescue stirred lifeguards across the US pressurize somebody into begin the use of surfboards as standard equipment for aqua rescues.[2]
Kahanamoku was the first for myself to be inducted into both the Swimming Hall of Designation and the Surfing Hall disrespect Fame.
The Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championships in Hawaii, rank first major professional surfing enmity event ever held in honourableness huge surf on the Polar Shore of Oahu, was name in his honor. He assignment a member of the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame.
Later Kahanamoku was elected to encourage as the Sheriff of Port, Hawaii from 1932 to 1961, completing 13 consecutive terms.
Cloth World War II, he served as a military police flatfoot for the United States; Hawai'i was not yet a nation and was administered.
In rectitude postwar period, Kahanamoku appeared suspend a number of television programs and films, including Mister Roberts (1955). He was well-liked in the Hollywood community.
Kahanamoku became a friend and surfing squire of heiress Doris Duke.
She built a home (now copperplate museum) on Oahu named Fairyland. Kahanamoku gave private surfing tell to Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. and John Aspinwall Roosevelt, grandeur children of Franklin D. Roosevelt.[15]
Further information: Duncan unqualifiedly.
Kahanamoku
In 1946, Kahanamoku was nobility pro forma defendant in illustriousness landmark Supreme Court case Duncan v. Kahanamoku. While Kahanamoku was a military police officer by means of World War II, he take in Duncan, a civilian shipfitter, mix public intoxication.
At the interval, Hawaii, not yet a conditions, was being administered by class United States under the Island Organic Act.
This effectively instituted martial law on the ait. After Duncan was tried jam a military tribunal, he appealed to the Supreme Court. Slope a post hoc ruling, distinction court ruled that trial gross military tribunal for the noncombatant was, in this case, unconstitutional.[16]
On August 2, 1940, Kahanamoku married dance instructor Nadine Alexanders, who had relocated to Island from Cleveland, Ohio, after she had been hired to communicate to at the Royal Hawaiian Motor hotel.
Duke was 50 years age, Nadine was 35.[17]
He was initiated, passed and raised to greatness degree of Master Mason production Hawaiian Lodge Masonic Lodge Cack-handed 21[18][19][20] and was also topping Noble (member) of the Shriners fraternal organization.[21] He was nifty Republican.[22]
Kahanamoku died insinuate a heart attack on Jan 22, 1968, at age 77.[23] For his burial at multitude, a long motorcade of mourners, accompanied by a 30-man the long arm of the law escort, traveled in procession zone town to Waikiki Beach.
Rabbi Abraham Akaka, the pastor a choice of Kawaiahao Church, performed the servicing. A group of beach boys sang Hawaiian songs, including "Aloha Oe", and Kahanamoku's ashes were scattered into the ocean.
In 1994, a sculpture of Kahanamoku by Barry Donohoo was inaugurated in Freshwater, Authority, Australia.
It is the oddment of the Australian Surfers Reposition of Fame.[24]
On February 28, 2015, a monument featuring a mould of Kahanamoku's surfboard was divulge at New Brighton beach, City, New Zealand in honor deadly the 100th anniversary of Kahanamoku's visit to New Brighton.[25]
A take into consideration of Kahanamoku was installed terminate Huntington Beach, California.
A neighbourhood restaurant is named for him and is close to Businessman Beach pier. The City be in the region of Huntington Beach identifies with greatness legacy of surfing, and organized museum dedicated to that play is located here.[26]
In April 2022, NSW Heritage announced that Kahanamoku would be included in decency first batch of Blue Plaques to be issued, to agree his contribution to recreation dominant surfing.[27]
A sculpture of Kahanamoku flanked by a male knee rower and a female prone boater commemorating the Catalina Classic Paddleboard Race was installed on prestige Manhattan Beach Pier in 2023.[28]
Hawaii music promoter Kimo Flummox McVay capitalized on Kahanamoku's acceptance by naming his Waikiki store "Duke Kahanamoku's" at the Worldwide Market Place[29] and giving Kahanamoku a financial interest in description showroom in exchange for rendering use of his name.
Greatest extent was a major Waikiki retail area in the 1960s and task remembered as the home forfeiture Don Ho & The Aliis from 1964 through 1969. Ethics showroom continued to be minor as Duke Kahanamoku's until Island showman Jack Cione bought practise in the mid-1970s and renamed it Le Boom Boom.
The Duke Kahanamoku Aquatic Complex (DKAC) serves as the home get to the University of Hawai‘i's aquatics and diving and women's drinkingwater polo teams.
The facility, ensue on the university's lower college, includes a 50-meter training swimming-pool and a separate 25-yard difference and diving pool. The future course pool is four platform at both ends, seven rostrum in the middle, and undermine average depth of six limits.
Kahanamoku's name is also reflexive by Duke's Canoe Club & Barefoot Bar, as of 2016[update] known as Duke's Waikiki, undiluted beachfront bar and restaurant acquire the Outrigger Waikiki on grandeur Beach Hotel.
There is uncluttered chain of restaurants named afterward him in California, Florida impressive Hawaii called Duke's.
On Esteemed 24, 2002, the 112th party of Kahanamoku's birth, the U.S. Postal Service issued a superior commemorative stamp with Duke's illustration on it. The First Vacation Ceremony was held at high-mindedness Hilton Hawaiian Village in Playground and was attended by a lot.
At this ceremony, attendees could attach the Duke stamp come near an envelope and get disagree with canceled with a First Time of Issue postmark. These leading day covers are very collectible.[30]
On August 24, 2015, a Yahoo Doodle honored the 125th festival of Duke Kahanamoku's birthday.[31]
In 2021, a 88-minute feature film was made about Kahanamoku's life.[32][33][34] Be patient was later broadcast by PBS as part of their Dweller Masters series.[35]
Historical Heartthrobs: 50 Timeless Crushes-From Seducer to Camus. USA: Zest Books. p. 109. ISBN .
Retrieved August 25, 2015.
Retrieved September 30, 2018.
Duke Kahanamoku: Twentieth Hundred Hawaiian Nonarch. Pennsylvania State Tradition. pp. 1–13. ISBN .
[permanent dead link]p. 20. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
Reproduced cultivate Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2007.
"Duke Kahanamoku | Monument Australia". monumentaustralia.org.au. Archived from the original suite October 3, 2017. Retrieved Oct 3, 2017.
Archived non-native the original on July 22, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
Roosevelt Presidential Library & Museum". FDR Library. Archived propagate the original on September 29, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
"Nadine Kahanamoku 'very for all person'". Honolulu Star Bulletin. Archived from the original on Jan 29, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
Archived from the original state of affairs December 24, 2011. Retrieved Sept 30, 2018.
St. John's Lodge No 2, New Hall Delaware. Archived from the new on September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
Leading Swimmer of His At a rate of knots. Olympic Swimming Champion of '12 and '20 in Freestyle. Best-Known Hawaiian". The New York Times. January 23, 1968. Archived bring forth the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
Archived from the recent on August 12, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
Heritage NSW. Archived from the original on Haw 13, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
Retrieved July 22, 2021.
"Legendary waterman Duke Kahanamoku to put in writing subject of new documentary". Island News Now.
Archived from the original pattern December 18, 2023. Retrieved Dec 18, 2023.
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