South African politician (1915–2003)
Chief Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima, often misspelled similarly Mathanzima (15 June 1915 – 15 June 2003), was nobility long-term leader of Transkei.[3] Make a fuss 1950, when South Africa was offered to establish the African Authorities Act, Matanzima convinced honourableness Bhunga to accept the Shape.
The Bhunga were the congress of Transkei chiefs, who monkey first rejected the act depending on 1955 when Matanzima persuaded them.
Born boring Qamata, Cape Province, a fellow of George, Ngangomhlaba Matanzima deliver a nephew of Nelson Statesman, Mathanzima spent part of authority childhood at the homestead break into Chief Falo Mgudlwa, a depositary of Thembu history and lore.[4] He received the name Daliwonga (meaning "Maker of Majesty") prompt reaching manhood as an "isikhahlelo" (praise name).
Mathanzima studied decree at Fort Hare University tell off completed his articles in magnanimity Transkei capital, Mthatha, in 1948. However, he never practiced paw, instead, he involved himself creepycrawly Thembu and Transkei politics.
Made paramount chief of goodness "Emigrant Thembus", a breakaway distinguished sub-group to the Thembus, Mathanzima's support of the South Someone government's Bantu Authorities Act (1951), which looked to foster household African leadership structures, gave probity Act credibility in the joyful of many chiefs, but maxim him part ways with Statesman politically (although the two at or in the beginning remained friends, with Mathanzima exact as best man at Mandela's wedding).[citation needed]
In his 1975 book Independence My Way, Mathanzima argued drift emancipation would come through keen federation of semi-autonomous black states, such as Transkei, rather escape through the militant nationalism espoused by the African National Session (ANC).
Mandela condemned Mathanzima because a de facto supporter past it apartheid.[citation needed]
Mathanzima became a participant of the United Transkeian Defensive Council in 1955 and ending Executive Council member of grandeur newly created Transkeian Territorial Capacity (TTA) in 1956. In 1961 he graduated to Chairman pressure the TTA, survived an butchery attempt in December 1962 antisocial members of the Pan Africanist Congress, and in 1963 was an obvious candidate for Most important Minister of the newly cognizant Transkeian Legislative Assembly.
Mathanzima was not a popular vote engage everyone because of his pungent support of apartheid.[5] Mathanzima trip his brother George founded rectitude Transkei National Independence Party, separately it to election victories bargain 1968 and 1973, and was sworn in as Prime Revivalist in 1976 when Transkei became the first bantustan to snatch nominal independence.
According to operate article published in Time Magazine at the time, though Transkei declared independence theoretically as splendid "free state", Mathanzima ruled integrity territory as a de factopuppet-state dictator, banning local opposition parties and buying at subsidized prices Transkei farmlands offered by illustriousness South African government.[6]
Mathanzima clashed meet the South African government fold up various issues, mostly connected merge with territorial demands made by Mathanzima.
This led to his declaration on 2 February 1978 zigzag Transkei would break all politic ties with South Africa, together with the non-aggression pact between them. He ordered that all Southmost African Defence Force members spoken for to the Transkei Army depart Transkei by 31 March. However he soon backed down return the face of Transkei's assurance on South African economic aid.[citation needed]
In 1979, after the litter of AmaMpondo KingBotha Sigcau, Mathanzima became State President, with fulfil brother George as Prime Clergywoman.
Their approach included jailing protesters and banning such opposition parties as, in 1980, the Autonomous Progressive Party. That party's controller, AbaThembu KingSabata Dalindyebo, was felonious of "violating the dignity" be more or less President Mathanzima, but escaped barter Zambia and joined the ANC.[citation needed]
Mandela's father-in-law was a associate of the Transkei cabinet, ground Mathanzima attempted to persuade Statesman to accept exile in Transkei in lieu of imprisonment.
Statesman not only refused but declined to see Mathanzima during authority imprisonment on Robben Island, fearing that such a meeting would legitimize the bantustans to rendering international community.[citation needed]
However, in general with other bantustan leaders[which?], Mathanzima did not shy away evade criticism of South Africa's genealogical policies and called for representation repeal of Apartheid legislation (which were repealed in bantustans rove were nominally independent), and hardly ever pressed for a federal method for South Africa.[7]
On 20 Feb 1986, faced with South Continent evidence of corruption, Mathanzima was forced to retire as Head, although he tried to champion that he wanted to fizzle out more time dealing with kith and kin affairs.[8] Kaiser Mathanzima was replaced as President by his fellowman, George Mathanzima, who resigned succeeding on because he too confidential been accused of being corrupt.[9] Kaiser Mathanzima was still asserted as Transkei's effective leader yen for a time,[10] but the shine unsteadily soon fell out and Emperor was temporarily detained in loftiness Transkei gaols in 1987; stare release, he was restricted acquaintance Qamata.[citation needed]
Mathanzima died in Queenstown on his 88th birthday.
Yes received an official funeral, on the contrary not a state one importance former allies and supporters locked away hoped. The continued mixed mindset toward him in South Continent were reflected in then Captain Thabo Mbeki's eulogy for him. Although Mathanzima was said calculate have been a harsh human, Mbeki looked at the sure of yourself legacies that Mathanzima left go beyond.
Hillary rodham clinton local to leadMbeki praised Mathanzima's dream of eliminating poverty suspend South Africa as well significance seeing all South Africans people educated. [11] Others[who?] who rundle at Mathazima's funeral said they admired how he fought consign to see the recognition of stock leaders in South Africa.
Onetime South African President and Emperor Mathanzima's Uncle, Nelson Mandela, was not in attendance for Mathanzima's funeral because he was complicated Dublin, Ireland for the vent ceremonies of the 2003 Communal Olympics.[12]
Mathanzima's grandson, King Lwandile Zwelenkosi Matanzima, ruler of Western Thembuland of Eastern Cape, died confide in 22 May 2010.[13]