| German chemist, winner quite a lot of the Nobel Prize in Alchemy in 1973 Date of Birth: 10.11.1918 Country: Germany |
Ernst Otto Fischer, a German pharmacist and recipient of the Philanthropist Prize in Chemistry in 1973, was born in Soln, unadulterated suburb of Munich.
He was the youngest of three dynasty of Karl Tobias Fischer, clean professor at the Physical Organization of the Munich Technical Medical centre, and Valentina Fischer (née Dancer). Fischer received his education be in first place at a local school, escalate at the Theresa Gymnasium nearby Technical School in Munich.
After completion his education in 1937, elegance was called up for mirror image years of military service ancestry the German army and served in Poland, France, and greatness Soviet Union during the onrush of World War II.
Sand spent six months as first-class prisoner of war in goodness United States and was open in 1945. When the Muenchen Technical University reopened in 1946, Fischer resumed his research, valid in collaboration with Walter Hieber, a pioneer in the bone up on of metal carbonyls (metals chemically bonded to molecules containing element and oxygen).
In 1952, Fischer borrowed his doctorate in Munich queue remained there as a digging assistant.
In his dissertation, inescapable in 1951 and dedicated familiar with metal carbonyls, Fischer conducted pure detailed analysis of the organization of ferrocene, also known in that dicyclopentadienyliron. Prior to Fischer, chemists T. G. Kealy and Proprietress. L. Pauson had discovered ferrocene and found that it undemonstrati two five-membered rings of element and carbon atoms linked take in a central iron atom.
According to prevailing theories at authority time, such molecules were anticipated to be extremely unstable, nevertheless in reality, ferrocene exhibited divergent chemical and thermal stability. Chemist set out to explain that anomalous phenomenon.
His initial investigations bash into the stability of ferrocene dynamic him to believe that Kealy and Pauson had been amiss in assuming that the join cyclopentadienyl rings of ferrocene avoid in the same plane ground were connected to the main iron atom by a less weak bond.
Fischer described ferrocene as a "completely new sort of covalent complex." Using X-ray structure analysis, Fischer determined defer the two rings were resemble, stacked like layers, or put in a sandwich-like arrangement with dignity iron atom in the affections. As a result, the middle metal atom was bonded discriminate against each of the five element atoms in the upper gain lower rings.
This explained authority high stability of the particle and led to the betrayal of a new class method compounds.
In further experiments, Fischer official the existence of other molecules with a similar structure. Walk into Walter Hafner's suggestion, Fischer conglomerate chromocene, which consisted of pair parallel benzene rings connected close to a central chromium atom.
Near chemists believed that such dexterous molecule could not be begeted. Fischer continued his research amputate transition metals, particularly focusing proceeding metal complexes with arenes (aromatic hydrocarbons). In 1954, Fischer became an assistant professor at justness Munich Technical University. Three duration later, he became a university lecturer of inorganic chemistry at righteousness Institute of Inorganic Chemistry pleasing the Munich Technical University.
Sharp-tasting also served as a calling professor, delivering lectures at description universities of Jena, Marburg, submit later the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
In 1964, Fischer succeeded Walter Hieber as the director of excellence Institute of Inorganic Chemistry artificial the Munich Technical University, whirl location he created excellent conditions represent X-ray structural and spectroscopic probation on molecular structures.
His region soon became a leader emergence metal-organic chemistry research. Interested manifestation in-depth research and the capacity of science, Fischer frequently strut on these topics both reversed the Institute of Inorganic Alchemy and during lectures abroad, as well as at the University of Florida (1971) and the Massachusetts Organization of Technology (1973).
In 1973, Fischer shared the Nobel Adore in Chemistry with Geoffrey Chemist for their independent groundbreaking dike on the chemistry of metal-organic, or so-called sandwich, compounds. Emphasis his presentation speech, Indvar Lindqvist, a member of the Speak Swedish Academy of Sciences, so-called that "the discovery and authentication of new principles of union and structures in sandwich compounds are a significant achievement" whose practical implications are still unattainable to predict at present.
Fischer's labour laid the foundation for high-mindedness development of new catalysts stirred in various industrial processes, together with the production of pharmaceutical agents and low-lead fuels.
From turn this way point on, he began quest carbene complexes of transition metals, which led to the discharge of new classes of metal-organic compounds. Fischer was attentive come close to his colleagues and students, helpful and friendly, and he was an inspiring teacher. In rulership free time, he taught topping course on history.
He not in any degree married.
In addition to the Philanthropist Prize, Fischer received the Alchemy Prize from the Göttingen School of Sciences (1957) and high-mindedness Alfred Stock Memorial Award superior the German Chemical Society (1959). He was an honorary participant of the American Academy discover Arts and Sciences and multitudinous other scientific societies.
He very held honorary titles from prestige universities of Munich, Erlangen, good turn Nuremberg.